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In the Middle Ages , Satan played a minimal role in Christian theology and was used as a comic relief figure in mystery plays. Each modern sect of Judaism has its own interpretation of Satan's identity. Zechariah —7 [31] contains a description of a vision dated to the middle of February of BC, [32] in which an angel shows Zechariah a scene of Joshua the High Priest dressed in filthy rags, representing the nation of Judah and its sins, [33] on trial with Yahweh as the judge and the satan standing as the prosecutor.

The satan appears in the Book of Job , a poetic dialogue set within a prose framework, [26] which may have been written around the time of the Babylonian captivity. For instance, the sages considered Satan to be an angel of death that would later be called Samael , since God's prohibition on Satan killing Job implied, he was even capable of doing so, [61] yet despite this syncretization with a known heavenly body, Satan is identified as the yetzer hara in the very same passage.

In LaVeyan Satanism , Satan is a symbol of virtuous characteristics and liberty.

During the intertestamental period , possibly due to influence from the Zoroastrian figure of Angra Mainyu , the satan developed into a malevolent entity with abhorrent qualities in dualistic opposition to God. In the apocryphal Book of Jubilees , Yahweh grants the satan referred to as Mastema authority over a group of fallen angels , or their offspring , to tempt humans to sin and punish them.

The Hebrew term śāṭān Hebrew : שָׂטָן is a generic noun meaning "accuser" or "adversary", [7] [8] and is derived from a verb meaning primarily "to obstruct, oppose". Satan's appearance is never described in the Bible, but, since the ninth century, he has often been shown in Christian art with horns, cloven hooves, unusually hairy legs, and a tail, often naked and holding a pitchfork.

Some passages clearly refer to the satan, without using the word itself. In Christianity and Islam , he is usually seen as a fallen angel or jinn who has rebelled against God , who nevertheless allows him temporary power over the fallen world and a host of demons.

Tasmansk djävul

Satan , [a] also known as the Devil , [b] and sometimes also called Lucifer in Christianity , is an entity in Abrahamic religions that seduces humans into sin or falsehood. While Satan's identification with the abstract yetzer hara remains uniform over the sages' teachings, he is generally identified as an entity with divine agency. Rabbinical scholarship on the Book of Job generally follows the Talmud and Maimonides in identifying "the satan" from the prologue as a metaphor for the yetzer hara and not an actual entity.

The word does not occur in the Book of Genesis , which mentions only a talking serpent and does not identify the serpent with any supernatural entity. Although Satan is generally viewed as evil, some groups have very different beliefs.

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In theistic Satanism , Satan is considered a deity who is either worshipped or revered. In the Quran , Shaitan , also known as Iblis , is an entity made of fire who was cast out of Heaven because he refused to bow before the newly created Adam and incites humans to sin by infecting their minds with waswās "evil suggestions".

In Judaism , Satan is seen as an agent subservient to God , typically regarded as a metaphor for the yetzer hara , or "evil inclination". Conservative Judaism generally rejects the Talmudic interpretation of Satan as a metaphor for the yetzer hara , and regard him as a literal agent of God. Satan is mentioned explicitly in some daily prayers, including during Shacharit and certain post-meal benedictions, as described in the Talmud [68] and the Jewish Code of Law.

The most common English synonym for "Satan" is " devil ", which descends from Middle English devel , from Old English dēofol, that in turn represents an early Germanic borrowing of Latin diabolus also the source of "diabolical". The word without the definite article is used in ten instances, [ citation needed ] of which two are translated diabolos in the Septuagint.

The three Synoptic Gospels all describe the temptation of Christ by Satan in the desert Matthew —11 , Mark —13 , and Luke — Then indeed he may plunder his house" Matthew The Synoptic Gospels identify Satan and his demons as the causes of illness, [78] including fever Luke , leprosy Luke , and arthritis Luke —16 , [78] while the Epistle to the Hebrews describes the Devil as "him who holds the power of death" Hebrews The text describes Satanael as being the prince of the Grigori who was cast out of heaven [49] and an evil spirit who knew the difference between what was "righteous" and "sinful".

Nonetheless, belief in Satan has persisted, particularly in the Americas. Although the Book of Genesis does not mention him, Christians often identify the serpent in the Garden of Eden as Satan. Most Jews do not believe in the existence of a supernatural omnimalevolent figure.

During the early modern period , Satan's significance greatly increased as beliefs such as demonic possession and witchcraft became more prevalent. During the Age of Enlightenment , belief in the existence of Satan was harshly criticized by thinkers such as Voltaire. The idea of Satan as an opponent of God and a purely evil figure seems to have taken root in Jewish pseudepigrapha during the Second Temple Period, [38] particularly in the apocalypses.

Satan's status as a 'physical' entity is strengthened by numerous other rabbinical anecdotes: one tale describes two separate incidents where Satan appeared as a woman in order to tempt Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Akiva into sin. In the Synoptic Gospels , Satan tempts Jesus in the desert and is identified as the cause of illness and temptation. He is later bound for one thousand years , but is briefly set free before being ultimately defeated and cast into the Lake of Fire.

These are an amalgam of traits derived from various pagan deities, including Pan , Poseidon , and Bes. He continues to appear in film, television, and music. A figure known as ha-satan "the satan" first appears in the Hebrew Bible as a heavenly prosecutor , subordinate to Yahweh God , who prosecutes the nation of Judah in the heavenly court and tests the loyalty of Yahweh's followers.

In some cases, it is translated as 'Satan':.